Six frontiers of the physical economy.

AI compute and electrification are driving demand through generation, transmission, storage, and the critical materials underneath it all.

Demand has outrun supply. Grid interconnection queues stretch years, lithium and copper face structural deficits, and advanced nuclear, geothermal, and long-duration storage are crossing into commercial deployment.

Supply-chain disruption, demographic decline, and industrial policy are forcing capital into automation and domestic capacity.

Supply shocks, tariffs, and geopolitical risk have made supply chains a major risk. Automation is making domestic production economically viable as capacity becomes a national priority.

Fabs lack the capacity to produce chips fast enough for hyperscaler demand. Silicon, memory, and networking are all supply-constrained.

Surging demand for intelligence, the shift to scaled inference, and custom silicon are reshaping the entire compute stack, while energy, cooling, and siting become the next bottlenecks.